Causes of Periodontal Disease
What Causes Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease, which is also known as gum disease and periodontitis, is a progressive disease which, if left untreated, may lead to tooth and bone loss. Periodontal disease begins when the bacteria in plaque (the sticky, colorless film that constantly forms on the teeth) causes the gums to become inflamed. While poor oral hygiene is the primary cause of periodontal disease, several other factors can increase your risk of developing the condition.
Poor Oral Hygiene
Bacteria, mucus and other particles constantly form a sticky, colorless plaque on the teeth. When plaque is not removed above and below the gum line through daily brushing and flossing, it hardens into calculus (tartar), which allows bacteria to thrive along the gum line.
Tobacco Use
Smoking and other tobacco use is strongly associated with the onset of periodontal disease. Tobacco use lowers the chances of successful treatment, weakens the immune system and slows the healing of gum tissue.
Genetic Predisposition
Research shows that some people may be more genetically susceptible to gum disease than others. Despite good oral hygiene habits, these individuals may be more likely to develop periodontal disease.
Pregnancy and Hormonal Changes
Hormonal fluctuations during puberty, pregnancy and menopause can make the gums more sensitive, increasing the risk of gingivitis and gum disease.
Chronic Stress and Poor Diet
Stress lowers the ability of the immune system to fight off infection, including the bacterial infection that causes gum disease. A diet lacking important nutrients can also make it harder for the body to fight infection.
Diabetes and Other Systemic Diseases
Diabetes and other diseases which affect the body's ability to process sugar can increase the risk and severity of periodontal disease, and gum disease can in turn make blood sugar harder to control.
Grinding and Clenching Teeth
Clenching or grinding the teeth can put excessive force on the supporting tissues, speeding up the rate at which they are destroyed by periodontal disease.
Certain Medications
Some medications, such as oral contraceptives, anti-depressants and certain heart medications, can affect oral health, in some cases leading to dry mouth or gum overgrowth that increases the risk of periodontal disease.
If you have questions or concerns about your risk for periodontal disease, please contact our office. We are happy to discuss prevention and treatment options with you.
Periodontics